Dark matter

Dark matter is the mass that astronomers detect only through its gravity — in the orbital speeds of stars and gas in galaxies, in the motions of galaxies inside clusters, and in the bending of light — and that emits and absorbs no light of its own. The Broken-Born program offers two candidates for it: particles of conjugate matter, the counterpart of ordinary matter in which the roles of position and momentum are exchanged, whose own force acts only between particles moving at nearly the same velocity; or a coherent oscillation of the momentum graviton X, a massive second gravitational field that the program’s broken symmetry between position and momentum adds to gravity. This section holds the established astrophysics those candidates are tested against, then the program’s own claims in the order they were derived: the velocity gate, the test that killed the program’s founding image of dark matter clumping by velocity, and the candidates that remain. Both candidates are open, and neither explains the observed ratio of dark to ordinary matter.

Stands: the established physics of halo astrophysics and wave dark matter, with Vlasov stability, relic abundance mechanisms, bigravity dark matter, topological dark matter in the literature and kinetic mixing; conjugate matter’s velocity gate, dual stress T̃, gate mechanism, the knee in σ_T(v) and scattering benchmark; Debt 3’s mean-field criterion, classicality theorem, gated condensation rate, Scenario B (quarantined), relic abundance by misalignment and net theorem; the candidates χ particles and the X-condensate; and two results of the soliton review that outlived the candidate, overproduction at the benchmark and W′ overclosure · Died: velocity clumping, the founding image, velocity-space granularity (old row 3), Fornax friction suppression (old row 4), Scenario A, and superheavy conjugate solitons with its component obituaries in the soliton candidate, among them the √N topological floor (chat-only) (all in the graveyard) · Open: the gate shape (OP4), the dual-stress enhancement (OP5), polarization-genesis and the 5.4 : 1 ratio (OP7), the topological loophole, and telling the two candidates apart (OP9), tested as row 11; the calibration of the gated condensation rate against Levkov–Panin–Tkachev and the restatement of rows 1 and 2 in wave language, which #11 §14 does not itemize, are kept open on the gated condensation rate (all in open problems) · Superseded: earlier forms are recorded on the pages that replaced them, among them the exponential cliff that became the knee and Debt 3b’s ultra-faint-dwarf row (all in superseded statements)

Map#

The first two subsections are established literature; the last three are the program’s own claims, in the order the program derived them. No verify/ script covers the Debt-2 or Debt-3 numbers; the machine-checked numbers of this section belong to the soliton review (the soliton-obituary script).

Halo astrophysics comes first because every dark-matter claim of the program is tested against it. It covers how fast a halo’s matter moves, the velocity dispersion σ against which the program’s gate is measured, and what galaxies and clusters show about whether dark matter scatters off itself: self-interacting dark matter and its transfer cross-section, the cores of dwarf galaxies and the ultra-faint dwarfs, Segue 1 among them, the cluster collision called the Bullet Cluster, and the stellar streams and dynamical friction that probe a halo’s small-scale structure.

Wave dark matter is the physics of dark matter light enough to behave as a classical wave: when that happens (the occupation number), how such waves condense into Bose stars, when attractive condensates collapse, how such a field is produced, and how light it may be. It is the background for the wave branch of the momentum-clumping test.

Conjugate matter and the velocity gate begins the program’s claims. It is the subject of Debt 2: the conjugate matter field χ, the gate that lets χ particles interact only at small relative velocity, the mechanism that delivers the gate through exchange of the momentum graviton, the resulting knee in the scattering cross-section, the benchmark that fixes its strength, and two open problems.

Momentum clumping (Debt 3) is the test of the founding image — dark matter clumping by velocity rather than by position — and its obituary. For particles the mean-field attraction falls short by 28–31 orders of magnitude, and collective behavior requires a wave; on the wave island, clumping is fatal where it would have been mandatory and optional elsewhere. It also records what survived the test — the knee-shape island discriminant and relic abundance by misalignment — and the one loophole left open.

Dark-sector candidates states the program’s answer to what dark matter is — χ particles or an X-condensate — together with the abundance question both share, with relic abundance mechanisms and thermal freeze-out as its established background, and the retired third candidate, superheavy solitons, with its obituary and the review results that killed it.

Boundaries#

The momentum graviton X itself — why it is massive, and how it couples to ordinary matter — belongs to Gravity, under the momentum graviton X. The observational tests of this section’s claims are pages of Predictions: row 1, row 2, row 3, row 7 and row 11; the withdrawn old rows 3 and 4 are in the history of the predictions table. Monopole physics in general, on which the retired soliton candidate drew, is in Monopoles. The program-wide registers of dead and open claims are the graveyard and open problems.